Resistors

Magnetometer in the Making

Space weather has long been an interest of mine, and of many of the students passing through my astronomy courses. The interaction of the Sun, it solar wind and our Earth’s magnetic field are just fascinating. Living in high latitudes, we sometimes are given the pleasure of seeing some aurora. In collaboration with the University of New Hampshire, we have taken on the building of a 3 axis fluxgate magnetometer. The unit is from a kit which you can check out here at the SAM-III Magnetometer page. If you are not quite so keen on soldering small components (only a few are surface mount), then you can also order a pre-built one…. but it costs more.

Here is our progress to date in photos.

Parts and pieces

Parts and pieces! This will be the magnetometer when it is all put together!

The keyboard

This is the primary user interface: a keyboard of 4 buttons. These are the only surface mount items to worry about.

The keyboard

This is the primary user interface: a keyboard of 4 buttons. These are the only surface mount items to worry about.

Resistors

Soldering the resistors onto the board. Next will come the capacitors and other parts.

Resistors

Resistors and capacitors in place.

Voltage tolerance test

Resistors and capacitors in place along with voltage regulators. Here we are ready to apply power for the first time to see if the boards voltages are within tolerances.

Asteroids

We have been working on improving long observing runs with the robotic telescope this past month. Asteroids are an excellent target: they move constantly relative to the background stars; Their orbital parameters change often enough to warrant close scrutiny; There are hundreds of thousands of them to study; Photometric studies are as important as astrometric studies; All of this is well within the reach of Exeter students!

While we perfect our methods, the following is a two day series of asteroid #783 Nora.  Nora has a strongly elliptical orbit around the Sun with its closest approach being 1.8 AU and its most distant 2.8 AU. In this two-night series, Nora had two images taken one hour apart each night for two nights. Enjoy!

Minor Planet 783 Nora

Minor Planet 783 Nora

Planning Ahead: The September 27/28 Lunar Eclipse

There is an excellent opportunity coming up to see a total lunar eclipse this September… in just a few weeks! Plan now! This one is visible from western Europe, Africa and the Americas.  Eclipse timings here:

Lunar Eclipse Timing (all times UT) September 27-28, 2015

  • 00:10 Moon enters penumbra (not visible)
  • 01:07 Partial Eclipse Begins
  • 02:11 Totality begins
  • 02:47 Mid Eclipse
  • 03:24 Totality ends
  • 04:27 Partial eclipse ends
  • 05:24 Moon leaves penumbra

So for those in the Eastern time zone which is still in EDT (daylight savings mode), the times are here below….

Lunar Eclipse Timing (all times EDT) September 27-28, 2015 below:

  • 08:10pm Moon enters penumbra (not visible)
  • 09:07pm Partial Eclipse Begins
  • 10:11pm Totality begins
  • 10:47pm Mid Eclipse
  • 11:24pm Totality ends
  • 12:27am Partial eclipse ends
  • 01:24am Moon leaves penumbra
September 2015 Lunar Eclipse (courtesy NASA)

September 2015 Lunar Eclipse (courtesy NASA)

The Observatory’s Summer Activities

School might get out in June, but the Observatory is a buzzing place with all sorts of activities while the students are away. The primary charge for us is completing the cleaning and maintenance work that needs to be done to keep all the equipment in top working order. This year, we also received a new optical tube assembly for the Kurtz Dome, necessitating some serious lifting and alignment procedures. Here is the list of activities done this summer to date (summer is not over just yet!):

  • Dome cleanings: Just after students graduate, the first order of business is to give each dome a thorough cleaning. Observatories maintain a low level of sweeping, as this kicks up a lot of dust and makes the optics a real mess. In spring, the optics are thoroughly sealed in plastic bags, the cobwebs and pollen and dusted down from top to bottom, then the whole dome is vacuumed and wet-wiped.
  • Batteries in the various components are replaced: there are little button batteries here and there for little things like ROM backups, and bigger things like illuminated reticles for the finder scopes.
  • We installed the new 16″ ACF SCT telescope in the Kurtz Dome. The Takahashi refractor and the Celestron SCT were removed first. The mount saddle was configured for two optical tubes and was turned 90 degrees, so that required realignment. That done, the new 16″ OTA was put into place and counterbalanced. It is one heavy OTA at 75 pounds. The weights need to be in proper position to prevent too much stress on the mount’s drive systems. Once balanced, the whole system needed to be reconfigured for the larger tube using software that knows the extent to which the tube can travel without smacking into the pier. That would not be good!
  • The Robotic Observatory had a complete software upgrade. Those who know me, know one of my mottos: if it is working, DO NOT upgrade anything. I hold to this as much as possible, but there are times when things are working, but the software manufacturers have control over us. In this case, the license for our internet-accessible server/control system was expiring, and they would not allow a simple renewal without software upgrade. Alas!  Upgrading that required upgrading everything. The status now with the software is that the automated focusing software is not compatible with the other pieces. We focus by hand for now. That said, there are other gremlins in the system:
    • The electronic focuser was getting stuck. A little dismantling and some lubrication fixed that. We had a solid run last night without any focuser issues.
    • No focuser issues means that we must have had something else going on… nothing is perfect. Yes, the shutter on the CCD imager was getting stuck! After 40 flawless images, the images started to show the bright stars with vertical blooming down each column. This means that the shutter was remaining open as the CCD downloaded the images by pushing the pixel charges down to the readout registers. Sigh. The camera needs to be dismantled and diagnosed now. That is on the to-do list.
  • New tripods were ordered for the portable telescopes which have a few benefits: They allow easy polar alignment; They can be adjusted for height (not all students are very tall); They are lighter, easier to carry around; They are much more stable than the piers we used to use.
  • The spectrographic system in the Alden Dome has checked out perfectly.
  • The Heliostat has checked out perfectly, though I am beginning to think about getting the mirrors a new aluminum coating.
  • Tested a home-made grism (a diffraction grating system: grating + prism = grism) with a DSLR camera on the 16″ telescope. Results are encouraging and might be awesome to use with winter Astronomy 392 classes.

New Visual Telescope for the Observatory

The observatory took delivery of a new 16″ f/8 ACF Schmidt-Cassegrain telescope this summer. It has been installed, collimated and tested out on a recent clear night. This telescope joins the list of instruments available for swap in the Kurtz Dome. With a 16″ aperture, it has the largest light gathering power of all the instruments at the observatory and also the highest resolving power. We cannot wait until Saturn and Jupiter are in our skies! Stay tuned for information about open houses and other observing opportunities. http://www.twitter.com/PEA_Obs

16" telescope newly installed

The new 16″ telescope just after installation with Dr. Ward and Dr. Adams.

16" First light

On the evening of the 16″ first light. We were able to enjoy nice views of M-16, M-13, M-57 and more.

 

 

Time for Meteors!

The Earth is headed through two meteor streams at this time, both pretty abundant in meteor activity, or just sheer quantities of meteoric dust. Peaking on August 12-13, the Perseid shower is one of the best known. The shower comes from the debris from comet 109P/Swift-Tuttle. It has many bright meteors and plenty of fireballs. It has often reached numbers over 100+ per hour and is well worth staying up for. Like most meteor showers, we see more meteors when the observer is on the side of the planet that is facing into the stream. This is when we are facing the morning side of night…. i.e. after midnight. So, bug spray, warm drinks, and a sleeping bag are the tools of choice. No need for an observatory. No need for binoculars. No need for lighting. Get away from the town and city scene. Get into the dark country skies, lie down, look up!

If that were not enough, the second shower (remember there are two) is the Southern Delta Aquarid which \gives us some 10-20 meteors per hour. It is a good season for meteors!

 
 

Eagle Nebula in H-alpha

Conference image of the Eagle Nebula, M-16 in H-alpha: RCOS 10″ with STL-6303 ten minutes. Images stacked, deconvolved and contrast enhancement all done in MaxIm DL.

Eagle_062415

Exeter Astronomy Conference 2015

What a marvelous week this has been! We had 13 visiting educators here for detailed discussions and hands-on learning about astronomy, astronomy education, technology and methods…. all excellent!

Attendees 2015

Left to right, back row: Ben Moss, Peter Pitman, Brad Vietje, Joseph Acker, Tom Rutherford, John Blackwell, James Dickens. Front row: Joseph Putko, David Temple, Wendy Curtis, Faith Tucker, Miranda Heller, Maureen Adams, Anisha Vinod.

M57 RGB Color

Taken during our Astronomy Education Conference this last week… this is an RGB shot of the Ring Nebuka, M57 taken through the RCOS-10 at prime focus with an STL-6303 imager. 8:8:8 minutes per filter, color stacked and cropped in MaxIm DL.

M57_RGB_Sigma_Clip_Stack